I. Initials Finals

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by Hsin-Yun Yao


Symbols Pinyin Romanization Place of Articulation Manner of Articulation Examples
1. Bilabials
I1 /b-/ bilabial voiceless, unaspirated and stopped /ba/
(eight)
I2 /p-/ bilabial voiceless, aspirated and stopped /pen/
(tub)
I3 /m-/ bilabial voiced nasal /ma/
(horse)
2. Labiodental
I4 /f-/ labiodental voiceless fricative /feng/
(wind)
3. Apicals
I5 /d-/ apical voiceless, unaspirated and stopped /deng/
(lamp)
I6 /t-/ apical voiceless, aspirated and stopped /tang/
(candy)
I7 /n-/ apical voiceless nasal /niu/
(cow)
I8 /l-/ apical voiced lateral /lu/
(deer)
4. Velars
I9 /g-/ velar voiceless, unaspirated and stopped /gou/
(dog)
I10 /k-/ velar voiceless, aspirated and stopped /ku/
(to cry)
I11 /h-/ velar voiceless, fricative /hu/
(pot)
5. Front Palatals
I12 /j(i)/ front palatal voiceless, unaspirated and affricate /jian/
(arrow)
I13 /q(i)/ front palatal voiceless, aspirated and affricate /qi/
(seven)
I14 /x(i)/ front palatal voiceless, fricative /xi/(west)
6. Retroflexes
I15 /zh(i)/ retroflex voiceless, unaspirated and affricate /zhu/
(pig)
I16 /ch(i)/ retroflex voiceless, aspirated and affricate /chi/
(ruler)
I17 /sh(i)/ retroflex voiceless, fricative /shu/
(book)
I18 /r(i)/ retroflex voiced fricative /rou/
(meat)
7. Blade-alveolars
I19 /z(i)/ blade-alveolar voiceless, unaspirated and affricate /zou/
(walk)
I20 /c(i)/ blade-alveolar voiceless, aspirated and affricate /cao/
(grass)
I21 /s(i)/ blade-alveolar voiceless, fricative /san/
(unbrella)


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